It will, provided that the URL is a simple path (no query string), that the exact same URL has been loaded before, and that the server is configured to allow caching.
The way browser caching works is that the first time that a browser queries a server for a resource, the server will send along a header with a unique string for that file. It can be a checksum or a timestamp or virtually anything. The next time the browser requests that resource, it will send back the string it received last time, effectively asking the server “has the file changed since you gave me this token?”. The server will reply with a 304 Not modified HTTP response.
Provided that your server is correctly configured to allow this, and the user has not disabled browser caching, it will just work.